Don’t be led astray by various kinds of strange teachings; for it is good for the heart to be established by grace and not by foods [forms], since those involved in them have not benefited (Hebrews 13:9).
The charge of heresy from fundamentalists has lost its sting. They’ve used that for everything from downsizing the bus ministry to becoming ashamed of culottes. This is not to say that heresy does not exist. Heresy, the opinion or doctrine at variance with orthodox opinion or doctrine, is for real. But when fundamentalists start to talk about real heresy they generally have to quote non-fundamentalists that they’ve already labeled as heretics to support their claims. Otherwise they don’t have any credibility even among themselves about what and who is heretical, as in really heretical! In other words, when it actually comes to fundamental doctrines, fundamentalists reference “heretics” for credibility in their defense of the fundamentals, but when it comes to fake heresies they reference only fundamentalists.
There are some exceptions, of course, because they latch on to some rare statement from an outsider and try to get so much mileage out of the statement that they end up spinning these concessions to appear as if the authors are giving a wholesale endorsement of the entire movement. Two examples immediately come to mind:
- Kirsopp Lake’s description of fundamentalism quoted in Beale’s history of American Fundamentalism, “The Pursuit of Purity” in which he says the “Bible and the corpus theologicum of the Church is on the Fundamentalist’s side.” And, more recently,
- Rick Phillips’ claim that fundamentalists get antithesis on the Reformation 21 blog, something that as an insider I would say I never understood while deep in the belly of the movement. (The truth is that for the average fundamentalist lifestyle is not about antithesis, but conformity.)
Both of these statements and several like them are used ad nauseam by fundamentalists in strained efforts to spice up their side-dishes of variant teachings. The fact that Kirsopp Lake’s concession was about the historic fundamentalists of the early 1900s is conveniently downplayed. And Phillips was conceding one point and only one point: that he saw in the fundamentalists of a particular institution a willing embrace of the concept of antithesis that is not so evident in “broad evangelicalism.” Basically, he was saying, “These guys are closer to me than many in broad evangelicalism when it comes to understanding antithesis.” That his definition of “broad evangelicalism” extends beyond people who go to the T4G Conference and listen to CCM is also conveniently downplayed since the fundamentalists’ definition of “broad evangelicalism” includes anyone that is not Baptist Fundamentalist. And even though he said it way back in 2007 on one blog entry, it’s going down in fundamentalist lore as one of the great concessions of the ages.
Fundamentalists have cried the alarm for so many fake heresies over the years that when it really matters, when a real wolf is coming after the sheep and the little boy who cries wolf needs to be believed, they always tap into the writings of Christian brothers who are guilty of one or more of these many fake heresies because no one believes the little boy who cries wolf anymore.
But despite the occasional affirmation of the orthodoxy of some tenets of their movement from outsiders that the fundamentalists ironically crave, the great majority of angst within fundamentalism is over fake heresies. The fake heresies have ranged from reading the NIV to not reproducing a form of “secondary separation” in relationships as “Doc” implemented. Fake heresies have included listening to CCM or, worse, using a drum in worship. The tricky fake heresies — the ones that require some brain labor in order not to be deceived — are the ones that have the names of real heresies but are defined wrongly. It is a real heresy to disbelieve the inspiration of Scripture. But it’s a fake heresy to think that using the ESV is an abandonment of the inspiration of Scripture. It is a real heresy to not have godly religious affections; but it’s a fake heresy to think that godly religious affections are almost exclusively about conservative form in worship. Or even that form is of primary importance to those concerned about religious affections.
So, pooh-pooh on the heresy charge if it comes from them. It’s the charge of stupidity that’s much more intimidating these days.
To be fair, I do not think that these people have actually said that those who don’t agree with them are dumb. (At least a quick word search in their archives of “dumb” does not immediately reveal evidence of this.) It’s just inferred. The new wave of fundamentalist intellectualism is just like the old wave of fundamentalist anti-intellectualism. Its tactics are the same. They’re not as attached to the term “fundamentalism” as the previous generation because they’re much more sophisticated in their thinking. They like “conservative” better. But they are still very much the same. Instead of making you feel like you’re a heretic by virtue of the fact that you diverge ever so slightly from their opinion on all matters, they make you feel like a dummy for diverging from their opinion on just a few matters. And dumb people just don’t get how holy God is.
They make you feel like your worship is second-rate, that you’re a half-wit if you can’t grasp their casuistry, and that you are guilty of heteropathy. They don’t shun you by running you out of their circles; they shun you by talking all about any position that differs from theirs as worldly and ignorant. They’ll talk with you by talking down to you. They’ll even go to church with you because they must. (There are so few churches that get what real worship is all about, after all.) One of their own boasts of simply refusing to sing with his congregation when the driveling bauble of simpleton worshipers he must associate with sings songs beneath his standards of orthopathy. Having the religious affections of a person grateful to be making a joyful noise with the blood-bought, covenanted people of God doesn’t overcome his devotion to form. Like Michal peering through the lattice of the upper window, they scorn the bad form of joy-driven God-lovers dancing among the people.
They’re separatists by condescension. They don’t practice separation; they practice superiority. And that separates them.
These people will talk all day long about the tri-unity of orthodoxy, orthopraxy, and orthopathy and the poor average Christian is embarrassed to admit that he didn’t realize those were not medical terms. The progeny of anti-intellectualism are now wowed by teachers who are not just pushing hyper-separatism in matters of orthodoxy and orthopraxy; these geniuses have extended their legalism into the realm of orthopathy! The descendants of fundamentalism have been so long secretly embarrassed by anti-intellectualism that now they’re being suckered by intellectualism. They’ve actually not gotten any smarter.
While sincere plebeian God-worshipers google orthopathy, others hang their head in shame that they’ve been so naughty as to actually feel happy in their souls about God and His glory with the aid of a form that was once pop culture sixty years ago. Others decide smart people can’t be wrong so they purge their homes of all that is now taboo and start training their consciences to think that the only acceptable worship to God is what has been declared pure by the esteemed critics of culture. The form that is approved does nothing for them, but it has been iconicized by a process of elimination. By it they must worship because all other forms are “heteropathy”.
The fad for superior form is not new. The mood of disdain for inferior forms of worship has been around. It’s come and gone, starting in the fertile imaginations of smart people and dying in cold, empty churches. Now regular people who rarely read are pointed to the mystical poetry of a Faber (for example) and the higher art forms preferred by John Henry Newman, an Anglican-turned-Catholic of the 19th century Oxford Movement that shared the same mood as these modern fundamentalists. And the mood matters. Of all people, fundamentalists should not be scandalized when their movement and sub-movements gets criticized on the basis of its mood since this was often a strong argument against the neo-evangelicals. (See Pickering in The Tragedy of Compromise: “New Evangelicalism was born with a ‘mood’”).
The only way the modern fundamentalists get away with this is because Joe the Mechanic has been steeped in legalism already and others think that the answer to non-serious worship is to obey those who say their the most serious about it. The older generation of fundamentalists are just relieved to have young men (rare as they are) sounding off in ways that appear very intellectual for once. Thus, evangelicals are taught by fundamentalists that the best spirituality is in the forms best loved by mystical Catholics because mystical Catholics have generally had the highest regard for good form. Their protestantism dismisses many of the other liturgical forms embraced by the same people as if the argument for some did not apply to all. Francis Bacon was right, however, that young men “embrace more than they can hold, stir more than they can quiet, fly to the end without consideration for the means and degrees, and pursue absurdly some few principles which they have chanced upon.”
These experts on worship know if you feel right or feel wrongly on the basis of mere form. Indeed, you cannot be worshiping rightly if you do not use the best forms which they have been good enough to explain to you. You are not worshiping rightly if you use forms that they have tabooed by principles of aesthetics. There is no dispute with them from me about whether their assessment of aesthetics is right. I actually agree. But they know if your feelings are godly or not because, as all misguided worshipers do, they have ascribed too much to the means of worship by their value of aesthetics and religion. Their messages on worship are not much more than an esoteric abstract iconology. For them, it’s all about form.
The original author of “The Religious Affections,” Jonathan Edwards, would be revolted by this bastardization of his beautiful theme. If you want to know what Jonathan Edwards would have felt about worship and religious affections, pay attention to John Piper (few moderns know Edwards better), not the young men with next-to-no pastoral experience at the Religious Affections Ministries. I read them for entertainment, mind-stimulation, thoughtful discussion, and for sometimes profitable insight. I don’t read them for wisdom in ministry. I read them like I read other philosophies that I can learn from without totally imbibing. If you want to be part of the glorious ambassadorial ministry of reconciliation that is bringing in people from every tribe, tongue, nation, and ethnicity, then don’t become part of a movement that gloats in being the best and highest form of what they have always been: They’re Westerners, White, American, Evangelical, Fundamentalists. And it all comes through in an undiluted sub-culture of religious isolationism and superiority.
Theirs seems less like Edwards’ warm evangelicalism of 18th century Christianity and more like the hoity-toity Puseyism of the 19th century. They are a movement that is (rightly) unhappy with the lack of seriousness in worship and in this I commend them. But they have more in common with the Oxford Movement of the 19th century that I mentioned above; not — and I stress this — in theology or ecclesiology, but in ideology and mood. The vehicle of this modern-day fundamentalist Tractarianism is not tracts, but websites. They are embarrassed by all that is low and think that high is synonymous with serious. It is not accidental that they are huge fans of, for example, the poetry of the Anglican-turned-Catholic Frederick William Faber and star of the middle 1800′s pop-culture, Christina Rossetti. High Church and high liturgy and the proponents of this Rome-direction had an unusually high and wonderful standard of art, poetry, and music. For them worship was all about form. And they disproportionately exalted the power of literature and poetry to direct minds to God.
Edwards’ religious affections would not have obsessed so much on forms of worship as this group, partly because when he was talking about the religious affections he was actually talking about the religious affections, not just what forms of worship must look like. He quoted positively a Mr. John Smith who talks about people whose religion is about nothing more than a “piece of art.” They had affections, for sure, and it was all about form and not as much about God, though it had God’s name all over it. And we rightly enjoy much of the poetry that came from sources such as these to this day. The queer Mozart’s Laudate Dominum (Psalm 117) makes me fall to my knees every time I hear it. I dream of the day we can do it in church!
But the point that I insist upon here is that the movement was cold and dead from the beginning, having the “form of godliness, but denying the power thereof” (2 Timothy 3:5). Good form and right feelings can be damnably misguided.
Consider the God-ward, God-glorifying form of the Pharisee in Luke 18:9-14. “I thank thee God that I am not like that poor Chris Tomlin singer over there who shuts his eyes and lifts up his hands with the pitiful, artless, crude hip-swaying style of corrupted orthopathy.” Ah, yes! The feelings of thankfulness were genuine in the Pharisee. He had, in fact, religious affections of sincere gratitude that God — indeed, he credited God! — had not made him as that poor loser in the corner, crying out to God with bad poise, seemingly unconscious of God’s glorious transcendence and preference for hymns. No one had more concern about form worthy of God than the Pharisee. No one. The original author of “The Religious Affections” quotes Smith approvingly, and Smith is unmistakably addressing those with the highest view of God and most worthy form:
Lest their religion might too grossly discover itself to be nothing else but a piece of art, there may be sometimes such extraordinary motions stirred up within them, which may prevent all their own thoughts, that they may seem to be a true operation of the divine life; when yet all this is nothing else but the energy of their own self-love, touched with some fleshly apprehensions of divine things, and excited by them. . .
There are such things in our Christian religion, which when a carnal, unhallowed mind takes the chair and gets the expounding of them, may seem very delicious to the fleshly appetites of men. . .[and how much more if packaged in the best form!]. . .They may seem to themselves to have attained higher than those noble Christians that are gently moved by the natural force of true goodness: they seem to be pleniores Deo (i.e. more full of God) than those that are really informed and actuated by the divine Spirit and do move on steadily and constantly that way toward heaven….
True religion is no piece of artifice; It is no boiling up of our imaginative powers, nor the glowing heats of passion; though these are too often mistake for it, it is a new nature, informing the souls of man; it is a Godlike frame of humility, meekness, self-denial, universal love to God and all true goodness, without partiality, and without hypocrisy, whereby we are taught to know God, and knowing Him to love Him, and conform ourselves as much as may be to all that perfection which shines in Him.
True religion is no piece of artifice. Remember, Smith is not talking to drum people; he’s talking to organ people. He’s not addressing Kinkade kitsch people; he’s describing lovers of real art. When you taboo things, you iconicize other things. They are making an icon (a virtual aid to worship) out of a form of worship by tabooing all other forms of worship, jinxing those forms as sub-par, displeasing to God, and unworthy of God, stultifying the spiritual minds of simple people whose consciences are being bound into fear of enjoying something that is forbidden.
This is not a theoretical, ivory-tower discussion for me. It’s missionary and pastoral. I know people who have sat under their ministries for years trying with earnestness to comply and feeling shame and guilt because they simply could not enjoy the higher forms that were imposed upon them. With embarrassment they secretly enjoyed “Blessed Assurance Jesus is Mine” by Fanny Crosby even though they sheepishly admitted it had been — gasp! — pop music at one time! This is what happens when older pastors follow younger men barely out of their thirties.
I heard one of their own say to the church that is dying under his cold ministry, “Our music is worthy of God. That is the only kind of worship we will do.” Furthermore, they will have practically nothing to do with anyone else in town because of their superiority and though they have drunk to the dregs this philosophy of worship their church languishes on life support, shriveling away. But what form is there that men can do that is worthy of God? Actually, even men’s righteousness — not their sins, their righteousness — is like filthy rags to God (Isaiah 64:6). Music, in and of itself worthy of God is impossible. And this does not deny the aesthetic principle of objective beauty. But if your principles of aesthetics make you believe that because you can objectively determine what is more aesthetically beautiful you can then dogmatically assert what is most pleasing to God then you moved from the religious affections of a saved people to the religious affections of those who merely have affections for the beautifully religious. You thank God that he has not made you like the other uncultured people.
God did not delight in the very forms that He had ordained when the forms became an opportunity for wrong affections. “What to me is the multitude of your sacrifices? says the Lord. I have had enough of burnt offerings of rams and the fat of well-fed beasts; I do not delight in the blood of bulls, or of lambs, or goats” (Isaiah 1:10). Let Jesus talk about religious affections: “By this all people will know that you are my disciples, that you have love for one another.” Let Paul talk about religious affections: “For though I am free from all, I have made myself a servant to all, that I might win more of them” (1 Corinthians 9:19). Here’s Jesus again when the worship and ministry police disapproved of his style: “Wisdom is vindicated by her deeds” (Matthew 11:19).
But when form has become so important to you that you celebrate men who refuse to sing with the blood-bought covenanted people of God whenever they sing poetry that is less than the very best, it is you and not the boy with the guitar that is on the slippery slope. God sanctifies music just like He sanctifies His people; with His Word. Indeed, He sanctifies everything in one way: with His Word and prayer. “Everything created by God is good, and nothing should be rejected if it is received with thanksgiving, since it is sanctified by the word of God and by prayer” (1 Timothy 4:4-5). Jesus Himself is the ultimate Word that listens to the repetitive and simple chants of boys and, because of His mystical union with us and ours with Him, turns that which comes out of the mouths of intellectual babes praise!
I do not believe they intend this, but the whole RAM is a young man’s movement fueled by older men who, in the main, just don’t get it. They think that the music conservativism of this new generation is the better expression of the music conservativism of the older generation. They are not one and the same. And the younger men know this, but they’re enjoying the adulation of a desperate movement. In reality it’s apples and oranges. The only thing the two ideologies have in common is a practical Gospel-free understanding of worship. These ideologies find it hard to process that Kum Ba Yah, My Lord sung in the Spirit by a group of redeemed saints made one with Christ would be more pleasing to the Holy God than Johann Sebastian Bach’s St. Matthew’s Passion sung by the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. In theory, of course, they would agree. They’re evangelical fundamentalists, after all.
In orthopathy, however, they are the ones that promote a Pharisaical thanking of God that they are better than everyone else. (Individual motives aside; I speak of the fruit of their teaching which I’ve been watching up close in my own city). Theirs is a Christ-less conception of worship. It’s Gospel-free. It’s enraptured by form. It’s old-school fundamentalism. And it has little to do with the religious affections that Jonathan Edwards wrote about.
Edwards said it best: “The notion of certainly discerning another’s state by love flowing out, is not only not founded on reason or Scripture, but it is anti-scriptural, against the rules of Scripture; which say not a word of any such way of judging the state of others as this, but direct us to judge chiefly by the fruits that are seen in them.” And yet they would tell the African-American grandmother that sings her soul out to Jesus with Black gospel that she is diseased in orthopathy. She cannot feel rightly because she uses a form that is not classical European. They could not rejoice with the Burmese refugees that get up in our church from time to time to sing with a guitar and a crude rhythm instrument praises to God in a redeemed form of music that is reminiscent, yes indeed, of the pagan world they left behind. And because Black grandmother and Burmese refugees are unfamiliar with their prescribed iconic forms, Black grandmother and Burmese refugees are hindered in their worship. Along with most regular white people in places like Rockford.
I say look at the fruit. And when you do, you won’t find much.
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